FAILURE TO IDENTIFY ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN TRAPPERS FROM SOUTH DAKOTA IN SPITE OF HIGH PREVALENCE OFECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARISIN WILD CANIDS

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Hildreth ◽  
S. Sriram ◽  
B. Gottstein ◽  
M. Wilson ◽  
P. M. Schantz
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
High Prevalence

Ecological epidemiology: the role of landscape structure in the transmission risk of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis (Leukart 1863) (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Taeniidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Graham ◽  
F. M. Danson ◽  
P. S. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Western China ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Transmission Ecology ◽  
Liver Infection

The larval form of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes a fatal liver infection in humans and has high prevalence in western China. The tapeworm lifecycle involves small mammal populations and canids, such as foxes and dogs. Human contact with infected canids may lead to the transmission of the worm to humans, causing the disease human alveolar echinococcosis. This paper introduces the tapeworm and reviews the current understanding of its transmission ecology in relation to each component of its lifecycle. Recent research indicates that landscape plays an important role in creating the necessary habitat conditions for natural transmission. Defining the landscape involves the use of satellite imagery, land cover classification and spatial analysis. The link between disease, remote sensing and landscape ecology is an expanding research area and potentially an important one in relation to Echinococcus multilocularis and alveolar echinococcosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of echinococcosis in Kazakhstan: an update

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abdybekova ◽  
A. Sultanov ◽  
B. Karatayev ◽  
A. Zhumabayeva ◽  
Z. Shapiyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Referral Centre ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Official Records ◽  
Human Cystic Echinococcosis

AbstractKazakhstan is highly endemic for echinococcosis. Both Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis are widely distributed in the country. Official records of human cystic echinococcosis over the past 5–10 years suggest a stable incidence of approximately 800–1000 cases per year, which is 5 cases per 100,000 per year. This followed a rapid increase in the incidence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Between 2007 and 2013, 5949 cases were reported in the national surveillance data. The prevalence in sheep, based on slaughterhouse studies, suggests that between 30 and 50% of sheep are infected with hydatid cysts, while cattle have a prevalence of approximately 7%. Rural dogs have a high prevalence of infection of between 5 and 10%, with shepherd dogs having prevalences of over 20%. G1 and G6/7 strains of E. granulosus have been isolated from dogs in Kazakhstan. Wolves are also infected, with one prevalence estimate of approximately 20%. The incidence of human alveolar echinococcosis is less clear, although estimates from Kazakhstani expatriates living in Germany and the hospital records of a single referral centre in Almaty suggest 34 or 130 cases per year (or an annual incidence of 0.20 or 0.76 cases per 100,000), respectively, could be occurring in Kazakhstan. Studies suggest that in some rural dog populations the prevalence may be about 5%. The parasite is widely distributed in foxes and small mammals through much of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Hemoplasma infection in wild captive carnivores

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Filipe T. Carneiro ◽  
Marcela C. Scalon ◽  
Gabrielle Amorim ◽  
Wanessa A.C. Silva ◽  
Sandy M. Honorato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Wild Cats ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Candidatus Mycoplasma Turicensis

ABSTRACT: Hemoplasmas are bacteria able to adhere themselves loosely to the plasma membrane of erythrocytes and may parasitize several species of mammals. There are three known species of hemoplasmas that parasitize domestic and wild cats: Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’. Dogs are infected by at least two species of hemoplasmas: ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum’ and Mycoplasma haemocanis. The hemoplasmoses are very important in veterinary clinics, either because of its worldwide distribution and severity of clinical signs, depending on parasite species and host immune competence, or due to its zoonotic potential and capability of infecting endangered species. This study set out to investigate which hemoplasmas species parasitize different captive wild carnivores in order to clarify the epidemiology of hemoplasmoses in wild animals. Furthermore, the research intended to characterize the hematological changes caused by different species of hemotropic mycoplasmas infection in order to establish their clinical importance to wild species and the capacity of these species to become a reservoir of studied agents. Samples of 33 wild felids and 18 wild canids were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect hemoplasmas DNA and it was observed that the occurrence of infection in these species is 45.5% and 83.3%, respectively. Factors such as age, gender or anaemia are not more frequent in animals positive for the infection. Therefore, it is concluded that infection caused by hemoplasmas in wild carnivores has high prevalence, and either agent pathogenicity is low, or chronic stage is more frequent, resulting in a low rate of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Emerging alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in humans and high prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes and raccoon dogs in Lithuania

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Šarkūnas ◽  
Rasa Bružinskaitė ◽  
Audronė Marcinkutė ◽  
Kęstutis Strupas ◽  
Vitalijus Sokolovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Raccoon Dogs

scholarly journals Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Kokaia ◽  
Nino Iashvili ◽  
Manana Murusidze ◽  
Giorgi Babuadze
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Protozoal Infection

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology ofvisceral leishmaniasis in Georgia and to define new control measures.IntroductionVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic, protozoal infection thatis endemic in Georgia, which commonly affects young children.In recent years, the incidence of VL has increased sharply and thegeographic distribution has increased. Recently, VL moved to highlypopulated areas as new foci appeared from 2010-2015, during which,610 laboratory confirmed cases of VL were registered in Georgia.The majority of cases were found in East Georgia (94.2%) and 5.8%of cases in West Georgia (representing new foci of VL in Georgia).MethodsBlood samples from 2,100 individuals suspected to have VL weretested using the rk39 based VL rapid diagnostic test, an enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, 1,575 randomly selected dogs(stray and pet) and 77 wild canids were tested for VL using the sameELISA. Confirmed human cases were followed up for 9-12 months.ResultsThe most affected age group was 0-5 years (72.2%). Of thepatients, 13.9% were HIV positive and lethal outcomes were observedin 2.1%of patients. Mortality was associated with delayed diagnosisand HIV co-infection. Relapse developed in 6.4% of cases. AmongHIV positive patients, secondary prophylaxis was conducted withliposomal amphotericin B, which decreased the number of relapses by76% in 12-24 month follow-ups. A high incidence of VL in humanswas associated with a high prevalence of leishmaniasis in stray anddomestic dogs. Leishmania antibodies were found in 23.7% of strayand domestic dogs and 2.6% of wild animals screened in Tbilisi.ConclusionsOverall, the VL situation in Georgia is concerning and new controlmeasures are needed. Our study revealed a high prevalence of VLin humans and dogs in East Georgia. Early and accurate diagnosis/treatment and effective control measures should be conductedregularly to prevent the spread of VL in Georgia. In addition,secondary prophylaxis in HIV infected patients is also recommended.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Farming and Nonfarming Populations in South Dakota

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
Lee Weidauer ◽  
Lacey McCormack ◽  
Brittany Gorres-Martens ◽  
Bonny Specker
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
High Prevalence

Bioelectronic Measurement of Nasality in Trainable Mentally Retarded Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Trainable Mentally Retarded

Fifty trainable mentally retarded children were evaluated with TONAR II, a bioelectronic instrument for detecting and quantitatively measuring voice parameters. Results indicated that one-half of the children tested were hypernasal. The strikingly high prevalence of excessive nasality was contrasted with results obtained from 64 nonretarded children and 50 educable retarded children tested with the same instrument. The study demonstrated the need of retarded persons for improved voice and resonance.

Multiple Perspectives on the Barriers to Identification and Management of Pediatric Voice Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Jana Childes ◽  
Alissa Acker ◽  
Dana Collins
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Vocal Qualities ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pediatric Populations ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
University Settings

Pediatric voice disorders are typically a low-incidence population in the average caseload of clinicians working within school and general clinic settings. This occurs despite evidence of a fairly high prevalence of childhood voice disorders and the multiple impacts the voice disorder may have on a child's social development, the perception of the child by others, and the child's academic success. There are multiple barriers that affect the identification of children with abnormal vocal qualities and their access to services. These include: the reliance on school personnel, the ability of parents and caretakers to identify abnormal vocal qualities and signs of misuse, the access to specialized medical services for appropriate diagnosis, and treatment planning and issues related to the Speech-Language Pathologists' perception of their skills and competence regarding voice management for pediatric populations. These barriers and possible solutions to them are discussed with perspectives from the school, clinic and university settings.

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